Q & A Library

Astaxanthin is one of the many cancer-protective carotenoids found in orange and red fruits and vegetables and in dark leafy greens. It is added to the feed of farmed salmon to make the fish flesh pink or red and occurs naturally in the diets of wild salmon, as well as trout, red sea bream and shrimp.

Some studies have suggested that astaxanthin benefits fish and shellfish in several ways, including protection against oxidation of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, protection against the effects of ultra violet light, enhanced immune response and improved reproduction.

I'm aware that astaxanthin supplements are widely promoted on the Internet as more potent than other carotenoids. One company claims that its supplement increases strength and endurance, relieves ulcer symptoms, protects cells against oxidative damage, boosts the immune system, protects against various types of cancer, reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, and - by crossing the blood brain barrier - may also reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Many of these claims are based on results of animal studies; some reflect the results of a single study. While carotenoids definitely can protect your health, to my knowledge none of the specific claims for astaxanthin as a superior antioxidant have been proved in humans.

However, I do think we all need to make an effort to eat more foods containing carotenoids, including astaxanthin. My antioxidant formula contains astaxanthin as well as beta-carotene, lycopene, alpha-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin, and I recommend that any antioxidant supplement you take provide you with a similar mix. Bear in mind, however, that a mixed carotenoid supplement is only insurance against dietary shortfalls. First and foremost, you should be eating the foods that provide these nutrients naturally.

Andrew Weil, M.D.

Dosage Update, October, 2004
In order to provide the most up-to-date health information, I may change my recommendations from time to time. Due to compelling new research on carotene, I now suggest that you take 15,000 IU of mixed carotenes if you choose to take a supplement. (My previous recommendation was 25,000 IU; please adjust your dosage accordingly.)